Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM) panels are formed by drilling overlapping primary and secondary panels to depths up to below grade to serve as a soil retaining and water cutoff wall. Two soldier beams are precisely placed in each panel with survey control and templates to maintain proper placement and verticality. Bentonite slurry is used during drilling. It is replaced with cement slurry during extraction to provide a structurally sound, low permeability wall.
